Could “Brown Adipose Tissue Failure” be a Cause of Metabolic Syndrome ?
Main Article Content
Abstract
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) is recognized as one of the most important target tissues in the drug discovery for the treatment of obesity- related metabolic disorders. It is suggested that the BAT improves glucose metabolism independently of its calorigenic capacity, probably via secreting factors. Although several molecules have been identified as BAT-derived glucose metabolism-improving hormones (i.e. BATkines), the crucial factor(s) remains undiscovered. The difficulty in discovering those crucial BATkines may be attributed to the fact that Rnase1 and a variety of chymotrypsin family peptidases are expressed at relatively high levels in murine BATs, which have been used as a material in BATkine hunting. In this review, we describe a new strategy for discovering novel BATkines by using brown adipocytes (BAs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells. We also discuss the possible mechanism how human BAs are involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism.
Article Details
How to Cite
KOBAYASHI, Norihiko et al.
Could “Brown Adipose Tissue Failure” be a Cause of Metabolic Syndrome ?.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 7, nov. 2016.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/851>. Date accessed: 26 apr. 2024.
Keywords
brown adipose tissue, human embryonic stem cells, human induced pluripotent stem cells, BATkine, glucose metabolism, metabolic syndrome,
Section
Review Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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Bartelt A, Bruns OT, Reimer R, Hohenberg H, Ittrich H, Peldschus K, Kaul MG, Tromsdorf UI, Weller H, Waurisch C, Eychmüller A, Gordts PL, Rinninger F, Bruegelmann K, Freund B, Nielsen P, Merkel M, Heeren J. Brown adipose tissue activity controls triglyceride clearance. Nat Med 17:200-205, 2011.
Cannon B, Nedergaard J. Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Physiol Rev 84:277-359, 2004.
Cypess AM, Lehman S, Williams G, Tal I, Rodman D, Goldfine AB, Kuo FC, Palmer EL, Tseng YH, Doria A, Kolodny GM, Kahn CR. Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 1509–1517, 2009.
Cypess AM, White AP, Vernochet C, Schulz TJ, Xue R, Sass CA, Huang TL, Roberts-Toler C, Weiner LS, Sze C, Chacko AT, Deschamps LN, Herder LM, Truchan N, Glasgow AL, Holman AR, Gavrila A, Hasselgren PO, Mori MA, Molla M, Tseng YH. Anatomical localization, gene expression profiling and functional characterization of adult human neck brown fat. Nat Med 19:635-629, 2013.
Dekaban AS. Changes in brain weights during the span of human life: relation of brain weights to body heights and body weights. Ann Neurol 4:345-356, 1978.
Dib J, Lapsha VI, Gurin VN. Catecholamine concentration in adrenergic plexuses of the spleen and intestine during cold-induced and emotional stress. Neurophysiology 22: 261–266, 1990.
Dong M, Yang X, Lim S, Cao Z, Honek J, Lu H, Zhang C, Seki T, Hosaka K, Wahlberg E, Yang J, Zhang L, Länne T, Sun B, Li X, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Cao Y. Cold exposure promotes atherosclerotic plaque growth and instability via UCP1-dependent lipolysis. Cell Metab. 18: 118-129, 2013.
Enerbäck S, Jacobsson A, Simpson EM, Guerra C, Yamashita H, Harper ME, Kozak LP. Mice lacking mitochondrial uncoupling protein are cold-sensitive but not obese. Nature. 387:90-94, 1997.
Fedorenko A, Lishko PV, Kirichok Y. Mechanism of fatty-acid-dependent UCP1 uncoupling in brown fat mitochondria. Cell 151:400-413, 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.09.010.
Feldmann HM, Golozoubova V, Cannon B, Nedergaard J. UCP1 ablation induces obesity and abolishes diet-induced thermogenesis in mice exempt from thermal stress by living at thermoneutrality. Cell Metab 9:203-209, 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2008.12.014.
Friend A, Craig L, Turner S. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children: a systematic review of the literature. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 11:71-80, 2013. doi: 10.1089/met.2012.0122.
Gupta RK, Mepani RJ, Kleiner S, Lo JC, Khandekar MJ, Cohen P, Frontini A, Bhowmick DC, Ye L, Cinti S, Spiegelman BM. Zfp423 expression identifies committed preadipocytes and localizes to adipose endothelial and perivascular cells. Cell Metab 15:230-239, 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.01.010.
Hamann A, Flier JS, Lowell BB. Decreased brown fat markedly enhances susceptibility to diet-induced obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Endocrinology 137:21-29, 1996. DOI: 10.1210/endo.137.1.8536614.
Harms MJ, Ishibashi J, Wang W, Lim HW, Goyama S, Sato T, Kurokawa M, Won KJ, Seale P. Prdm16 is required for the maintenance of brown adipocyte identity and function in adult mice. Cell Metab 19: 593-604, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.03.007.
Heikens MJ, Gorbach AM, Eden HS, Savastano DM, Chen KY, Skarulis MC, Yanovski JA. Core body temperature in obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 93:963-967, 2011. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006270.
Hildrum B, Mykletun A, Hole T, Midthjell K, Dahl AA. Age-specific prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation and the National Cholesterol Education Program: the Norwegian HUNT 2 study. BMC Public Health. 7: 220, 2007. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-220
Jasper M. A. de Jong, Larsson O., Cannon B., Nedergaard J. A stringent validation of mouse adipose tissue identity markers. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol Metab. 308, E1085–E1105, 2015. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00023.2015.
Kishida T, Ejima A, Yamamoto K, Tanaka S, Yamamoto T, Mazda O. Reprogrammed Functional Brown Adipocytes Ameliorate Insulin Resistance and Dyslipidemia in Diet-Induced Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Stem Cell Reports 5: 569-581, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.08.007.
Lattin JE, Schroder K, Su AI, Walker JR, Zhang J, Wiltshire T, Saijo K, Glass CK, Hume DA, Kellie S, Sweet MJ. Expression analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in mouse macrophages. Immunome Res 4: 5, 2008. doi: 10.1186/1745-7580-4-5.
Lee P, Smith S, Linderman J, Courville AB, Brychta RJ, Dieckmann W, Werner CD1, Chen KY, Celi FS. Temperature-acclimated brown adipose tissue modulates insulin sensitivity in humans. Diabetes. 63: 3686-3698, 2014. doi: 10.2337/db14-0513.
Lowell BB, S-Susulic V, Hamann A, Lawitts JA, Himms-Hagen J, Boyer BB, Kozak LP, Flier JS. Development of obesity in transgenic mice after genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue. Nature 366: 740-742, 1993. DOI: 10.1038/366740a0
Mantzoros CS, Frederich RC, Qu D, Lowell BB, Maratos-Flier E, Flier JS. Severe leptin resistance in brown fat-deficient uncoupling protein promoter- driven diphtheria toxin A mice despite suppression of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and circulating corticosterone concentrations. Diabetes 47:230-238, 1998. PMID: 9519718
Nakamura N, Saeki K, Mitsumoto M, Matsuyama S, Nishio M, Saeki K, Hasegawa M, Miyagawa Y, Ohkita H, Kiyokawa N, Toyoda M, Akutsu H, Umezawa A, Yuo A. Feeder-free and serum-free production of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and their proliferating progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells: application to liver-specific functional and cytotoxic assays. Cell Reprogram 14: 171-185, 2012. doi: 10.1089/cell.2011.0064.
Nishio M, Yoneshiro T, Nakahara M, Suzuki S, Saeki K, Hasegawa M, Kawai Y, Akutsu H, Umezawa A, Yasuda K, Tobe K, Yuo A, Kubota K, Saito M, Saeki K. Production of functional classical brown adipocytes from human pluripotent stem cells using specific hemopoietin cocktail without gene transfer. Cell Metab. 16: 394-406, 2012. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-411619-1.00010-0.
Nishio M, Saeki K. Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into highly functional classical brown adipocytes. Methods Enzymol 537: 177-197, 2014.
Nishio M, Nakahara M, Sato C, Saeki K, Akutsu H, Umezawa A, Tobe K, Yasuda K, Yuo A, Saeki K. New categorization of human vascular endothelial cells by pro- vs anti-proliferative phenotypes. World J Transl Med 4: 88-100, 2015a. http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/NewsArticleDetail.aspx?id=20824
Nishio M, Nakahara M, Saeki K, Fujiu K, Iwata H, Manabe I, Yuo A, Saeki K. Pro- vs anti-stenotic capacities of type-I versus type-II human iPS-derived endothelial cells. World J Transl Med 4:113-122, 2015b. http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/NewsArticleDetail.aspx?id=20826
Nishio M, Nakahara M, Yuo A, Saeki K. Human pluripotent stem cells: Towards therapeutic development for the treatment of lifestyle diseases. World J Stem Cells 8: 56-61, 2016. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i2.56.
Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Nio-Kobayashi J, Iwanaga T, Terao A, Kimura K, Saito M. Possible involvement of uncoupling protein 1 in appetite control by leptin. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 236:1274-1281, 2011. doi: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011143.
Okamatsu-Ogura Y., Fukano K., Tsubota A., Uozumi A., Terao A., Kimura K., Saito M. Thermogenic ability of uncoupling protein 1 in beige adipocytes in mice. PLoS One. 8: e84229, 2013. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084229.
Petrovic N, Walden TB, Shabalina IG, Timmons JA, Cannon B, Nedergaard J. Chronic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activation of epididymally derived white adipocyte cultures reveals a population of thermogenically competent, UCP1-containing adipocytes molecularly distinct from classic brown adipocytes. J Biol Chem 285: 7153-7164, 2010. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.053942.
Saito M, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Matsushita M, Watanabe K, Yoneshiro T, Nio-Kobayashi J, Iwanaga T, Miyagawa M, Kameya T, Nakada K, Kawai Y, Tsujisaki M. High incidence of metabolically active brown adipose tissue in healthy adult humans: effects of cold exposure and adiposity. Diabetes 58, 1526–1531, 2009. doi: 10.2337/db09-0530.
Saito M. Capsaicin and Related Food Ingredients Reducing Body Fat Through the Activation of TRP and Brown Fat Thermogenesis. Adv Food Nutr Res 76: 1-28, 2015. doi: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2015.07.002.
Sawabe M, Saito M, Naka M, Kasahara I, Saito Y, Arai T, Hamamatsu A, Shirasawa T. Standard organ weights among elderly Japanese who died in the hospital, including 50 centenarians. Pathology International 56: 315-323, 2006. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2006.01966.x
Seale P, Bjork B, Yang W, Kajimura S, Chin S, Kuang S, Scimè A, Devarakonda S, Conroe HM, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Rudnicki MA, Beier DR, Spiegelman BM. PRDM16 controls a brown fat/skeletal muscle switch. Nature 454: 961-967, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07182.
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